What are the different types of wound?

A wound is an abnormal break in body tissue. Wounds can be classified according to their cause and nature in first aid.

Different wounds may require different first aid treatments however the overall aim is to control bleeding and minimise the risk of infection.

This table summarises the different types of wounds, their typical characteristics and possible complications.

Different types of wounds in first aid

Type

Possible cause

Typical characteristics

Possible complications

Incision

Sharp edge or blade

Single clean wound; profuse bleeding

Tissues such as muscles and tendons may be damaged

Abrasion

Rough surface

Multiple minor wounds to surface of the skin only

Contamination

Laceration

Multiple sharp edges or points

Multiple wounds, maybe with tearing of tissues

Contamination, extensive tissue damage

Puncture

Thin knife or pointed object

Small but deep wound; minimal external bleeding

Internal bleeding and organ damage; contamination

Contusion

Blunt object, or surface

Skin unbroken, but bleeding into tissue causing bruising

Internal bleeding; damage to internal organs

Gunshot

Bullet, or similar projectile

Small entry wound; extensive tissue damage along projectile path; maybe large exit wound

Extensive internal bleeding and tissue damage, severe contamination

All wounds can bleed. Bleeding may be classified depending on the type of blood vessel(s) involved.

Arterial bleeding

Because of the direct pressure from the heart, arterial blood will spurt out in time with the heartbeat. The strength of the spurt will depend on the size of the artery involved.

Arterial bleeding is an emergency situation and you should not delay in calling for emergency medical help. 

Firm, direct pressure over the bleeding wound is the most effective method of stopping arterial bleeding. 

Venous bleeding

Venous bleeding may gush or flow out, depending on the size of vein involved. The blood will be dark red as it is not oxygenated.

Serious venous bleeding must be considered as almost as dangerous as serious arterial bleeding.

Capillary bleeding

Capillary bleeding tends to ooze. The blood is usually mid red in colour. Unless very extensive, capillary bleeding is rarely serious, and blood loss is generally minor.

John Furst

JOHN FURST is an experienced emergency medical technician and qualified first aid and CPR instructor. John is passionate about first aid and believes everyone should have the skills and confidence to take action in an emergency situation.

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